Summary of Day 1
Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.
Thomas Jefferson
An m×n matrix A is a rectangular array of real numbers with m rows
and n columns. (Rows are horizontal and columns are vertical.) The
numbers m and n are the dimensions of A.The real numbers in the
matrix are called its entries. The entry in row i and column j is
called aij or Aij.
Example
Following is a 4×5 matrix with the entry A23 highlighted.
A = |  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |  |
1/3 | -1 | 10 | 1/3 | 2 |
3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -3 |
2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Operations with Matrices
Transpose
The transpose, AT, of a matrix A is the matrix obtained from A
by writing its rows as columns. If A is an m×n matrix and B = AT,
then B is the n×m matrix with bij = aji.
Examples
Transpose
|
 | 0 | 1 | 2 |  | T |
1/3 | -1 | 10 |
| = |
 | 0 | 1/3 |  |
1 | -1 |
2 | 10 |
|
Sum, Difference If A and B have the same dimensions, then their sum, A+B, is obtained by adding corresponding entries. In symbols, (A+B)ij = Aij + Bij. If A and B have the same dimensions, then their difference, A - B, is obtained by subtracting corresponding entries. In symbols, (A-B)ij = Aij - Bij.
Scalar Multiple If A is a matrix and c is a number (sometimes called a scalar in this context), then the scalar multiple, cA, is obtained by multiplying every entry in A by c. In symbols, (cA)ij = c(Aij).
Sum & Scalar Multiple
 | 0 | 1 |  |
1/3 | -1 |
| + | 2 |
 | 1 | -1 |  |
2/3 | -2 |
| = |
 | 2 | -1 |  |
5/3 | -5 |
|
Product If A has dimensions m×n and B has dimensions n×p, then the product AB is defined, and has dimensions m×p. The entry (AB)ij is obtained by multiplying row i of A by column j of B, which is done by multiplying corresponding entries together and then adding the results.
Product
 | 0 | 1 |  |
1/3 | -1 |
|
 | 1 | -1 |  |
2/3 | -2 |
| = |
 | 2/3 | -2 |  |
-1/3 | 5/3 |
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